Locke's Criticism on Descartes' Philosophy of Calling Extension the Essay

Lockes Criticism on Descartes Philosophy of Calling Extension the affection of Body - Essay ExampleOur consistency is non the essence of any function like auxiliary as this concept lessens the significance of gentle personify. Our body is solid piece extension is empty space, hence there is no match between these two. Lockes criticism on Descartes philosophy of calling extension the essence of body Rene Descartes, a French philosopher come mathematician of sixteenth century, is unanimously called as Father of Modern Philosophy & the Father of Cartesian Doctrine which describes the relation between body and thought. I think, thereof I am is the most famous concept given by Descartes about mind-body dualism. According to him, human beings are composed of two different things, body & soul or mind. The essence of soul (mind) is thought by which it controls the movements of body & the essence of body is extension. He argued that I can perceive my mind as an strong-minded identity upon which there is no influence of extension (body) & I can distinctively perceive my body as a complete thing without the influence of my thoughts. Thus God has made the two things independent of each other so they behave like distinct objects. Here, the idea of extension is not very clear, i.e., whether it describes our body as a combination of solid parts which are there to move or extend, or is there something else Descartes wanted to rationalize? The idea was contrary enough as it says that there is no particular connection or relation between body & soul & they are independent of each other. He tried to explain the idea but could not provide enough valid points & arguments to prove this. One of his successors of seventeenth century, John Locke, an position philosopher, who is undoubtedly the philosopher of modern times & the originator of concepts like self & identity, presented his own theory of human understanding which is considered to be more(prenominal) authentic & r eliable regarding the concepts of human identity & self. He contradicts Descartes Cartesian philosophy by saying that all human have innate ideas in their minds by birth & they acquire more knowledge through their vast experience & their individual use of senses & perception. According to him, the essence of body is not extension but consciousness & mind is aught but a blank slate on which anything can be written by acquiring knowledge & wisdom. Children & babies from their early stages of development & even during their maternity period acquire simple amiable of knowledge like color & taste distinction etc. The child is not born with such kind of knowledge but experiences such situations & learns from them, either by sensation or by reflection (perception). Thus every persons body & mind are not two exclusive identities but they are linked together & body is used to perform according to minds book of instructions (Locke. 1959) In his famous book An Essay Concerning Human Unders tanding, Locke explained his point of view very deeply. He says that extension and body can never be the same things & if anyone says like that, he only tries to lessen the significance & importance of human body while the meaning or philosophy behind this lock up remains unclear & uncertain. Our body is not simply a combination of extended solid blocks of different shapes joined together for different movements neither the extension only means the space or the area in which the body moves. Anything that simply occupies area or has some mass is termed as matter, not

Koro Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Koro Syndrome - Essay ExampleFor example, there has been the existence of varied anxiety syndromes that involve fright of death, fear of getting castrated and concerns regarding sexual potency. The Nigerian Yoruba believed that the principal(prenominal) cause of male impotence was bewitchment, in such cases a male witch would steal a mortal mans extremity to use it for having intercourse with the wife of the victim or any other woman and then return it back in an altered and manipulated form consequently making him impotent for life (Koro-A culture-bound depersonalization syndrome, n.d.) What is Koro Syndrome? Koro is primarily an anxiety disorder characterized with sexual dysfunction hysteria and death. In psychological terminology, koro is basically genital retraction syndrome (GRS). In layman terms, it is the delusion that the genitals will be completely shrinked into the body. The male victims of Koro mainly suffer from the fear of the fact that their penises are retracting to their abdomen and as a result they will die when the process gets completed. In females, it is characterized by shrinking of nipples inside the breast mass. Koro mainly occurs to men and is occasionally seen in women. ( Koro- the venereal Retraction Syndrome, 2001) However, Koro is often considered a culture-specific disorder, which means only people of certain specific cultures and territories get affected by this disease, and it is not really one of those diseases loosely recognized by Western medicines. It is seen mostly in Southern China, Malaysia, Singapore as well as certain parts of Africa, Afghanistan, India and even in both(prenominal) parts of the West. Every region has different names for the disease, like in China it is known as suo-yang (suo=shrinkage yang=penis), in Cantonese it is known as suk-yeong, in India jhinjhini bimari (=tangling disease) etc. (Garlipp, 2008). Koro, primarily seen in the South China region, mainly affects young normal Chinese males in the age range of 21-40 years who have anterior experiences of premorbid sexual inadequacies and maladjustments. Most commonly cited reasons of Koro Syndrome mainly include masturbation, illicit sexual encounters with prostitutes, witchcraft etc. Psychologists who laterally analyze different cultures are of the view that koro is tight integrated to panic attacks due to sexual apprehensions. Attacks are often experienced by men in situations which generally cause genitals to retract slightly, such as cold weather or emotional anguish (Koro-the Genital Retraction Syndrome, 2001). Most koro attacks occur usually at nights with common symptoms like senselessness, palpitation, pounding heart rate, fear of death, loss of penile shape and muscular tone, loss of sexual desire and power and genital tingling. It has been argued that these can be sufficient criteria for diagnosis of koro but not really necessary in any ways. The fear of depersonalization is so acute in certain cases that people often secure on to their penis all along during the course of the attack in fear that it might disappear inside their abdomen forever. They prefer to visually scan their penis and touch them often to be sure of its existence and size (Koro-A culture-bound depersonalization syndrome, n.d.) Cultural Stigma One can get some insights into the causes of Koro from the canonic Chinese Culture. Koro means head of a turtle in Chinese. The Chinese, for long have been using the turtle symbol for long lasting lives and for

Commercial Law Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commercial Law Assignment - Case Study typeIn fact, he speaks very little English. This means that Nathan may not be able to make an informed bargain or decision, if he engages in a prune where the other party speaks English due to the limitation in language.On the other hand, John works as a gross revenue representative with a telephone company known as Dubious Connections Pty Ltd. He sells telephone contracts. John was aware that Nathan knew nothing about telephone contracts and that he did not take care most of the matters that are discussed in English. Nathan was influenced to enter into a contract by John, as the latter told the former that there was a superfluous promotion just for that day and that if the former signed that day, he was entitled to a free iOS7.1 telephone. Therefore, Nathan was under undue influence to enter into this contract, given that he did not understand much English to have the capacity of making an informed decision.In addition, John explained the m ain features of the contract, but he knew that Nathan did not understand most of the details. John did not offer to get an interpreter to explain the terms and conditions of the contract to Nathan, who thought he could terminate the contract any sequence and simply return the phone. Nathan was not aware that the contract was to run for three years, and terminating the contract at any time during this period, Nathan would have to pay the full contract price of $3,120, plus $ 800, which is the price of the iOS7.1 telephone. However, after two months into the contract, Nathan found out that the additional expense of the monthly phone bill was difficult to manage, given that he received a meager allowance from Red Cross. Nathan now wants to terminate the contract and return the phone. From the aforementioned issues, a determination whether there was a legal contract between Nathan and Dubious Connections Pty Ltd is made. Also, the remedies available to Nathan are outlined and discusse d.Unconscionable conduct

Biodiversity of the Pacific Islands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biodiversity of the Pacific Islands - Essay ExampleThe wildlife trade is one factor in this decline, particularly an improvement in transport facilities has made it executable to ship animals and plants and products derived from them eachwhere in the world. Wildlife trade is a highly profitable business and involves a wide variety of species with millions of animals and plants traded each year to supply the remove for pets, ornamental plants, furs, skins, leather and timber, and articles manufactured from these materials. Incredibly, the wildlife trade is second, in monetary terms, only to the drug trade, and perhaps the arms trade. The annual average trade in wildlife products is estimated at around five billion US dollars. The Impact of DeforestationThe effects of deforestation are quite evident all across the Pacific islands and thence across all world cultures. However, perhaps the area which is most devastated is the island of Papua New Guinea. Current estimates of forest de struction are hard to issue by yet in the late 1980s the forest was being lost at a rate of 21,000 - 22,000 ha per year (Hurst, 1990 Mullins, 1994). Forest product production has increased from 300,000 boxy meters in 1969 to over 1.7 million cubic meters in 1989. Most of these exports are in the form of logs, so Papua New Guinea misses out on any value added component that would result if timber were milled locally. Foreign investors, mainly Japanese, Malaysian, Korean, and Chinese, dominate the timber industry. In the late 1980s local timber companies only had rights to twenty percent of the available logging concessions (Barry, 2000).The Pacific forests are rich in wildlife. Placental mammals, marsupials, birds, and reptiles abound. Doubtless, there are a lot of species that have not yet come to scientific attention. There are 650 species of birds, 500 of which are confined to the forests (Hurst, 1990).

Infrastructure Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Infrastructure Management - Essay ExampleIn the technological world all odds have been met to agree ease is experienced in spreading and accessing teaching. tuition and Communication Technologies (ICT) is one field that has made information flow smooth and more efficient. Literature Review In the Business world, ICT has enhanced the possibilities of entrepreneurs to keep on the battle for survival in this competitive scene of action (Apellt, 1999). New mechanisms of accessing new market and the needed information from far distances with continuous knowledge gain is an advantage of full(a) ICT employment. Additionally, the information between different organizations becomes real time which tends to enhance the relationship between the customers and the organization. ICT is also the key factor to enabling business people get immediate feedback from their customers and use it as a federal agency of indentifying their strong and weak points. The feedbacks from the customers also h elp in noticing the changes of demand, preferences and new market by an organization. ICT in companies or organizations is one platform that has to be closely monitored to ensure the best of it is achieved. IT professionals ar employed in these areas to ensure that each and every required data from the networks is sufficiently reliable and available. In big companies, different departments are interconnected (intranet) to ensure much is shared and creates the virtual company of working from different offices (European commission, 2000). The intranet is established through local area networking or wireless networking. Information flow indoors a company is determined by how the ICT infrastructures are laid and managed. This infrastructure depends on a companys customization but the prevalent overview of this would involve knobs, routers, bridges, servers and virtual firewalls then the web. The client connects to the server through a router or a bridge the server accepts the reques t and sends back the requested data. If a client needs to connect to the internet, the server will send the request through the firewall to the worldwide web. The replay path will be the same i.e. web-firewall-server client through the router. This brings us to common point in noting that, if a company properly utilizes the potentials presented by the ICT sector, then supply, customers and knowledge enhancement will be nearly managed. Statement of the Problem If we now analyze this scenario using Global Water Company, we find that the information channels are mostly utilise for communication within the regional locations. The companys three locations namely, South Africa, United Kingdom and United States only communicate using the public networks. This seems to do no good to internal and external communications of the company. We are also quick to note that the rapid growth in the global business has made the communications present more difficult and unreliable in this company. M oreover, we find that the South African division is the most clogged with a max of 300 clients being used by 400 workers. West Bromwich in UK also rags behind in efficiency since 200 computers are being used by 350 people. This is a expectant loop hole in the company in trying to keep up with the pace of the competitive world. The management has also come to its senses and noted the price that the poor ICT structure is bringing to the company. Thanks to the management, the much required platform in gearing up

Post Merger Period of Fiat and Chrysler Essay Example for Free

Post Merger Period of fiat and Chrysler EssayFirst of all, they wanted to further solidify their brand presence. Fiat has been successful in the European market but lacks visibility in North America while Chrysler does not carry a strong bargainer benefitwork in the European markets. Whats worse, historically, Chrysler was referred to the Number Three auto manufacturer and even today, it still remains as the Number Three later on GM and Ford. This impression links to poor brand visibility and low customer royalty. In order to change the status quo, Chrysler focused more on brands differentiation. It planned to reposition itself as an upper scale brand. In 2011, Chrysler unveiled their cutting Imported From Detroit campaign. It defined itself as the import-fighter and focused on quality, technology, fuel salvage and sustainability. As for fiat, they invited celebrities to advertise for them. For example, they invited American singer Jennifer Lopez. This offered them the oppo rtunity of a 360-degree partnership, which triggered the greatest awareness growth ever. Without being shown on television or through the networks, it gained orbicular attention.The second problem they have is dig issues. The relationship between Fiat and wear upon fusion has never been satisfying. It suffered from the large layoffs and rigid Italian labor laws. Also, FIOM (labor union in Italy) instigated strikes in the fear that Fiat might pull out from Italys employers association and Italian auto market. The disputes between Fiat and Italian labor union are still in heat even today. On the other hand, the UAW (United Automobile Workers), who is the part owner of Chrysler, used to provide cheap labor for Chrysler in order to profit from low production cost.However, this happened no more because their friendly relationship broke off as Fiat and UAW were sharply disputing over the value of Chryslers equity. During this argument, the US workers were also fighting for better tre atment that further intensified the conflict. Additionally, one of the biggest problems they encountered after the merger was how to form a new and effective management structure. In Nov 2009, two companies announced their new plan for management structure.In detail, Chrysler is ready to break even operationally in 2010 net in 2011, nd repay TARP (Trouble Asset Relief Program) by 2014. (Chrysler had operational profits in the first and second quarters of 2010 and repaid TARP in 2011). Chrysler handles large displacement and hybrid engines, as well as all cars above C size, for Fiat worldwide. That implies Chrysler will engineer and possibly build mid-sized cars for exports (In progress). step improvements will continue and extend to dealer service (Quality confirmed dealer service, likely to take many years).In these four years, Chrysler and Fiat achieved their alliance objectives in the areas of cost cutting, technology sharing, global integration, product rationalization, and RD savings. Furthermore, since this is a trans-Atlantic alliance, two companies would encounter problems caused by cultural differences along their way of integration. For instance, Italians are used to the typically relationship-oriented culture, significance that relationships come before tasks and relationships are often pre-requisites for the concluding transactions.However, Americans tend to follow the rule of law and regard legal documents as binding. As another shift in point, two cultures differ in their attitude towards time. Americans usually attempt to control time, view it as a limited resource, and value it for defining what and when things engage to be done while Italians, see time as the context in which everything take place so that we never run out of it. In conclusion, two companies would have a hard time communicating and reaching an agreement when it comes to make strategic decisions.

War News Censorship Essay Example for Free

War News Censorship EssayCensorship is a global term utilize to describe the manner at which control of information and its circulation is being employed within a society. Censorship is often administrated with the goal to involve political suppression and to deliberately impose moral values on others. It can be implemented done government and private pressures, although government sponsored security review is rendered unconstitutional (What is Censorship 1 ).In the global context, security review is employed is various ways and behind different rationales. The earliest argument used to rationalized censorship is with respect to religious context, it inculcates values for conscience and moral entities that can make censorship acceptable to the domain. Another, issues on national security and defense is also used to skilfulify the censorship. Censorship through intimidation and censorship though consensus are also possible to be employed (What is Censorship 2)On the cont ext of state of struggle intelligence agency media, censorship is used as a tool for propaganda. In every contend, thither are two battles fought one is in the battlefield, and the other is through the minds of the people made possible in the propaganda and news releases that are being circulated.The labeling used between the good guys and the bad guys are done in such a way that the media and the government can influence the minds of their readers and the majority of the people to certify their cause, or to develop a sense of legitimacy on why they are really ought to be involved in a war. Misleading the people is possible through (1) altogether covering selected stories (2) giving out only partial facts (3) reinforcing reasons and motivations (4) narrow sources of experts and other resource persons (5) demonizing their opponents and (6) narrow range of discourse (Shah, 2005).Moreover, war news media is being censored to restrict and to minimize occurrences for leakage of wa r photos which are deemed to be violent. Thus, this aspect of censorship is deemed to have implications on the moral values of the people. In a way, censorship is also employed to eliminate the supposition that people will experience violent if continuously, they are exposed to violent images and occurrences behind the war (What is Censorship 1 ).Vietnam Era Vietnam War was the first war that was given full access and full freedom to the journalists. During this era, the journalists were given the freedom to report the war as they have seen it, and they were able to publish images in hunting lodge to enable to let the public view the war in the most accurate possible way.The earlier war occurrences were beneficial to the American community. The events before the Tet unsavory were proven to have gathered gestate for the American offensive. However, the spark of the American Embassy in Saigon, as it been publicly watched by the American people, signaled the defeat of the American man and consequently they have become doubtful to the then present President Johnsons credibility. Consequently though, this event has led the American support for the war to shine and falter (Medias Role in the Vietnam Era)These turn of events, the complete media access and the full freedom to journalistic reporting has proven to be detrimental to the fledge of American troops. The outcome of the media coverage and the humiliating coverage of the American defeat in the war have caused the team spirit of the US soldiers to surge down and in turn, have boosted the morale of the Vietnamese soldiers which was during this time, were perceived to be the enemy. Further, the media coverage has implicated that the war was more like a Communist victory rather than just plainly the failure of the Tet Offensive.Thus, the wars ultimate failure to repress the growing Communist idealism in Vietnam was blamed on television and media that the public has turned against their support against Vi etnam War was due to the medias accurate depiction of the horrors that were inculcated in the war (Humphreys).Contemporary War Iraq War The war in Iraq is presently viewed as medias crisis coverage. This contemporary war occurrence has also proved the innate strong influence of media, as they still have contributed a delicate role in the anti-Iraq hysteria. The media has published sinister images of the Iraqi leaders that connoted the meaning that they are indeed enemies (Smith, 2001).More so, the medias mainstream performance has caused the Iraq War to become a disaster. The subjective allegations of the Bush administration that were further accepted , published and proliferated by the media have served as get blows that further hastened the development of the war. And though there were critical journalists who raised questions despite the growing support for the Iraq war, still the damage of unfair reporting and biased presentation of information has caused the war to further a bridge (Iraq and the Media). In addition, aside from the military conflicts and aggression, the Iraq War is more likely a war of ideas, in which the US government has instigated first. The obvious fact is that, the US has anchored their flak catcher solely on the basis of allegations which up to now havent been proven to be accurate. And despite the oppositions to the war due to insufficient proofs of Iraqs direct US threat, the US government has still pushed to the war (Regan 2006). And now, they are under the pressure of winning this war of ideas in order to keep US support from the majority of the world community, which is attainable through strategic dispensing of information and tactical censorship of ideas that are flowing in the global community. Moreover, the current war in Iraq has once again instituted the means for media censorship. In contrast to the Vietnam War wherein full coverage was given to access the entire war discourse, the current aggression in Iraq has proven to be rather selective and biased on which issues are to be leaked outside for the media to circulate. Moreover, the media along with the military have also covered up the truth behind the occurrences of war they have been leaking false tallies of war casualties and other records that are relevant to assess the true status of the war.Conclusion War news censorship indeed plays an integral role in any war occurrences. In Vietnam, less censorship has led to the tumbling down of war support from the US community, due to the adversaries that were shown by the media as they were entitled for full coverage of the war.On the other hand, the war on Iraq which is currently under minimal media coverage, in addition to the highly censored and filtered nature of news standards, the US government is able to gather the support from the global community. Further, war news censorship has also greatly influenced the morale of the people who are directly and indirectly involved in the war. Positive or negative feedbacks gathered from media coverage relatively affects the feelings, attachments and morale of the people involved.Works CitedHumphreys, Donald. War on Television. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. 4 celestial latitude 2007 http//www.museum.tv/archives/etv/W/htmlW/warontelevi/warontelevi.htmIraq and the Media. 19 March 2007. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. 4 December 2007 http//www.fair.org/index.php?page=3062Medias Role in the Vietnam Era. Trinity College, Department of History. 4 December 2007 http//www.trincoll.edu/classes/hist300/media.htmRegan, Tom. Experts US Must Win War of Ideas. 16 June 2006. CSMONITOR.COM. 4 December 2007 http//www.csmonitor.com/2006/0616/dailyUpdate.htmlShah, Anup. War, Propaganda and Media. 31 March 2005. Global Issues. 4 December 2007 http//www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Military.aspSmith, Sharon. Targeting Iraq US Hypocrisy and Media Lies. International Socialist Review. November-December 2001.What is Censorship?(1) Am erican Civil Liberties Union. 4 December 2007. http//www.aclu.org/freespeech/censorship/26611res20060830.htmlWhat is Censorship?(2) 4 December 2007 http//www.gilc.org/speech/osistudy/censorship/