Business Ethics and Starbucks Essay

1. Starbucks demonstrates a new focus on business ethics and social responsibility by providing health care benefits to their employees, giving to the welfare of the needy, and also by packaging their goods in recycling materials along with any other practices that are beneficial to the company. Starbucks has also demonstrated by improving their dealings with their customers as well as their suppliers. Although this may not bring in additional revenues, the ethical businesses are better recognized and there durability is greater.As long as Starbucks can continue to gain trust in the customers, it will allow them to have a strong bond with them also. 2. I feel that Starbucks has been concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy because for one reason it is a popular business and it helps the image of the company to care about the community and the environment. Other reasons Starbucks were so concerned was because of the negative impact on the company. Starbucks has always been engaged in responsible business practice since they first started their operation and they have always spent a lot of time defending their image as well. Several small coffee shops were put out of business due to the clustering strategy. Starbucks decided to refocus their strategy after the 2009-2009 recession. Several locations were closed because of the lack of performance due to the economic depression. Because of Starbucks dedication to their employees and suppliers, they were able to earn their loyalty. However Starbucks were also concerned with social responsibility because it affected all parties involved. The company did achieve social responsibility by taking steps to follow certain guidelines and being involved in the community, which is very important to the company since ethical companies tend to do better in the long run. 3. I think Starbucks has both grown rapidly and mainly because it does provide products and an environment that customers want. Most people don’t know anything about the ethical and social responsibility that Starbucks engage in unless they research their websites. I feel that Starbucks success was due to its strong brand image that had been built over the years. Consumers purchased these products from Starbucks because of the good taste. However people were concerned about being ethical and social responsible when running a business, especially when consumers wanted to enjoy what they were consuming without having to worry about how the products are labored. This company also grew large due to several charity campaigns; such as the partnership between Starbucks and the project Red to raise money for different events. By being a large buyer of Fair Trade certified coffee, in spite of the high cost, they continued to grow as the purpose of fair trades that promotes a better working condition and greater incentives for the mmanufacturers. Starbucks does not only offer quality coffee to its customers, they also have a great atmosphere of the coffee shop. They have given back to the community and earned their trust as well as respect from their customers.

Case study of the hydropower development in Argentina Essay

In this paper I would also discuss one more case of the hydropower regulation and assessment. The next country to be discussed is Argentina. This country also possesses considerable hydropower potential. It has been estimated that the country has the potential of production of 169,000 GWh/year . Argentina relies in its future development on hydropower as a source of energy. That’s why its scientists resort to close examination of various aspects of hydropower development and impact on environment and society. Great emphasis is also placed on the financial aspect of hydropower development and legal regulation of hydroelectric plants and dams construction. Therefore, Argentina greatly relies on sustainable development, which can be defined as â€Å"the process which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† . Sustainable development of the hydropower potential of the country requires deep consideration and cooperation of three basic components – economic growth, environmental security and social justice . There are several acts, which serve the legal basis of the hydropower development in Argentina. One of the most important of them is The Electricity Regulatory Framework Law, which implemented the National Electricity Regulatory Commission (ENRE). ENRE is an independent item, which operates within the framework of the Secretariat of State for Energy. The latter in its turn creates the regulations, which control the work of the electricity industry . The Energy Secretariat (SENER) is the legislative component, which is responsible for the energy policy implementation. Within its frame this legislative body has one more component, the National Electricity Regulator (ENRE), which is responsible for actual application of the regulatory framework stated in the Law 26,046 of 1991 . ENRE is responsible for regulation and supervision of whole energy sector under federal control, while the other utilities are regulated by provincial regulators. The other important regulatory body of the energy sector is CAMMESA (Compania Administradora del Mercado Mayorista Electrico), which supervises whole wholesale electricity market through establishing the price of electricity, operating the electricity system and the controlling the commercial transactions in the electricity market Very important role in the energy sector of Argentina is given to the Electric Power Federal Council (CFEE), which was established in 1960 and currently plays the role of the administrator of the Funds, which given to special electricity operations. CFEF also performs consulting function of the National and the Provincial Governments regarding the power industry, new projects and researches, public and private energy services, and electricity tariffs and prices as well as changes in the legislative base of the power industry The National Promotion Direction (DNPROM) within the Energy Secretariat (SENER) regulates creation and implementation of programs concerning renewable energies and energy efficiency. The Secretariat for the Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) is in charge of the questions concerning environmental policy. The legal basis of Argentina concerning the energy is Law 25,019 from 1998 and Law 26,190, from 2007. Changes to this law, made in 2007, focus on the national interest in renewable energy sources in regard with the public services. The law states that within the next ten years the consumption of the energy, produced from the renewable sources, will grow up to 8 %. The other main point is that law establishes a Trust Fund, which promotes the development of the renewable energy. Hydropower is recently viewed in Argentina as a potential key source of energy. On the one hand its advantages are clearly visible: it has less negative impact on the climate change as compared with fossil fuels, it’s relatively clean and environmentally-friendly, low-cost and renewable. However, not all the researchers are so optimistic. Many of them claim that hydropower plants have a negative influence on surrounding area and society. As one more proof they point at additional expenses in case of shortfalls . Sometimes, these disadvantages are even overemphasized, which presents hydropower in the negative light, or even present it as potentially dangerous. In the process of the research I found a very interesting fact, showing that such claims for the most part come from the most unexpected source – NGOs, the primary intention of which is conservation. However, in this process they seem to completely disregard such important aspects of the country development as poverty alleviation, obtaining a valuable source of cheap energy and promotion of the safe water environment, which can be provided by hydropower plants . Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the hydropower plants in Argentina is based on the Sustainable Guidelines of the International Hydropower Association, which focus on environmental, social and economic aspects of the hydropower plant construction and operation . In order to develop new hydropower projects in accordance with the newest ecological and social requirements, Argentina greatly relies on five key areas characterized by Dr. Kofi Annan on the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. These five key areas include: water, energy, health, agriculture and biodiversity . Conclusions. So, in this paper I investigated the role of the hydropower as an alternative source of environment, associated expenses and benefits to the society. I also made a review of the history of the hydropower as a source of energy and compared it with the other sources. I made an overview of the legislative base of two countries – China and Argentina concerning hydropower energy and their potential of development of the hydropower as an alternative source of energy. References ADB, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2004. Online. Available at: 30 September 2007. Advantages of Hydropower. Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Atkins, W. , Hydropower: Impacts and Trends. Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Buckley, L. Hydropower in China: Public Participation and Energy Diversity, Online. Available from: . 30 September 2007 Becker, H. A. Social impact assessment: method and experience in Europe, North America and the developing world, London, UCL Press, 1997. BP Annual Report, 2006, Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Burdge, R. J. , A Community Guide to Social Impact Assessment, Middleton, USA, Social Ecology Press, 2004. China Passes Renewable Energy Law, Online. Available from: 2005. Coordinacion de Energias Renovables, Potencial de los aprovechamientos energeticos en la Republica Argentina, 2006. Devoto, A. , Hydroelectric power and development in Argentina, ENTE Nacional Regulador de la Electicidad, 2005. Graham, I. , Water Power, Austin, TX, Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999. Hydropower, Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Interorganizational Committee on Principles and Guidelines for Social Impact Assessment , 2003. Integrated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Guidelines. Tunis: African Development Bank, 2003. Online. Available at: International Association for Impact Assessment, Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Kellert, S. R. , Macmillan Encyclopedia of the Environment, vol. 3. New York, Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1997. Learn about Hydroelectric Power Alternative Energy Source, Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment, Blackwell, Oxford, 2005. Renewabables Global Status Report. Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Rosso, A. La construccion como herramienta del crecimiento continuado. Sector electrico. Evaluacion de las inversiones necesarias para el sector electrico nacional en el mediano plazo. Camara Argentina de la Construccion, 2006. Rules of land compensation and people resettlement in medium and large hydraulic and hydroelectricity projects. State Council, 1991. Ryan, V. Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower, Online. Available from: 30 September 2007. Summer of International dissent against Heavy Industry, Saving Iceland. Online. Available from: 30 September 2007 Sadler, B. , Verocai, I. & Frank Vanclay. Environmental and Social Impact. Assessment for Large Scale Dams. Middleton, WI: The Social Ecology Press, 2000 Taylor CN, Bryan CH, Goodrich CG. Social Assessment: theory, process and techniques. Middleton, WI, The Social Ecology Press, 2004. The Historic Mechanicville Hydroelectric Station, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, Jan/Feb. 2007 Tremblay, V. , Roehm and Garneau, Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Fluxes and Processes, Springer, 2005. Xiaogang, Yu & Jia Jiguo. An Overview of Participatory Social Impact Assessment for Manwan Hydropower Station in Lancang River. Asian Science and Technology Institute, 2000.

Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour Essay

Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 1. Utilitarianism 2. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 3. Virtue Ethics 4. Medical Ethics 5. Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. 6. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. 7. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 8. 9. Utilitarianism 10. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 11. Virtue Ethics 12. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 13. Utilitarianism 14. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 15. Virtue Ethics 16. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 17. Utilitarianism 18. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 19. Virtue Ethics 20. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 21. Utilitarianism 22. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 23. Virtue Ethics 24. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the  nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 25. Utilitarianism 26. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 27. Virtue Ethics 28. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 29. Utilitarianism 30. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 31. Virtue Ethics 32. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each  individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 33. Utilitarianism 34. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 35. Virtue Ethics 36. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 37. Utilitarianism 38. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 39. Virtue Ethics 40. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International  Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 41. Utilitarianism 42. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 43. Virtue Ethics 44. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 45. Utilitarianism 46. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 47. Virtue Ethics 48. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 49. Utilitarianism 50. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 51. Virtue Ethics 52. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 53. Utilitarianism 54. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 55. Virtue Ethics 56. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 57. Utilitarianism 58. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 59. Virtue Ethics 60. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 61. Utilitarianism 62. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 63. Virtue Ethics 64. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 65. Utilitarianism 66. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 67. Virtue Ethics 68. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual  living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 69. Utilitarianism 70. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 71. Virtue Ethics 72. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 73. Utilitarianism 74. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 75. Virtue Ethics 76. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of  the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 77. Utilitarianism 78. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 79. Virtue Ethics 80. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 81. Utilitarianism 82. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 83. Virtue Ethics 84. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to  give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 85. Utilitarianism 86. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 87. Virtue Ethics 88. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 89. Utilitarianism 90. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 91. Virtue Ethics 92. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 93. Utilitarianism 94. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 95. Virtue Ethics 96. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 97. Utilitarianism 98. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 99. Virtue Ethics 100. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 101. Utilitarianism 102. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 103. Virtue Ethics 104. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 105. Utilitarianism 106. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 107. Virtue Ethics 108. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 109. Utilitarianism 110. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 111. Virtue Ethics 112. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The  patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 113. Utilitarianism 114. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 115. Virtue Ethics 116. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 117. Utilitarianism 118. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 119. Virtue Ethics 120. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker.  It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 121. Utilitarianism 122. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 123. Virtue Ethics 124. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 125. Utilitarianism 126. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 127. Virtue Ethics 128. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic  care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 129. Utilitarianism 130. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 131. Virtue Ethics 132. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 133. Utilitarianism 134. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 135. Virtue Ethics 136. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 137. Utilitarianism 138. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 139. Virtue Ethics 140. Medical Ethics Ethic is concerned about the study of human behaviour. It provides a structure for dealing different kinds of issues, dilemmas and problems. Understanding the ethical concepts help the individual to decide the necessary action provide in the situation. According to the International Council of Nurses (1973), it is the healthcare workers responsibilities to give quality of care to prevent the infection and to ensure the holistic care of the patient. Hand hygiene practice is the responsibility of each individual who is working in the healthcare settings. The quality of care of the patient relies on personal beliefs and values of the healthcare worker. It is the right of responsibility of the healthcare workers including the nursing students to work with proper safety precaution. Every individual living in Finland has the right to receive a proper treatment and care. The patient will receive quality of care without further complications and prevention of infections during hospitalization 141. Utilitarianism 142. Duty Ethics (Deontology) 143. Virtue Ethics 144. Medical Ethics 145.

Making Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Making Movies - Essay Example His critical analysis and great knowledge makes his book a must read for all amateurs who are learning the art of filmmaking. His book almost covers all aspects required to make a creditable film. He gives detailed knowledge about music, production, direction, props, cameras, editing, cinematography, scripts, actors etc. Â  This book provides a vision and a guiding pathway for all those who are entering this field and all those young filmmakers intending to make this vast field as their ongoing profession. In the movie The Verdict director Sidney Lumet according to me does not come up to my level of expectation as a lot more could have been done. After reading the novel I personally think direction was not as strong as it should have been for a person with so much in depth knowledge of the field. The level and the bar raised by Sidney are quite high which he didn’t sustain in this book. This clearly explains that despite the great effort and techniques involved far more could be done to make the movie a success. Apparently this movie for me was a very entertaining and a top notch courtroom based drama which had elements of tragedy, suspense, fraud, emotions and romance making it a complete story. Sidney holds this view that the script should disturb the conventional balance. Astonish the reader, entertains, intrigues and then when it is about to conclude the reader must develop a feeling that this was meant to happen. This precisely means that the script is the skeleton for any film and a good script keeps the audience awe struck. Likewise in the movie the script is one of the most complex elements, when Frank goes to meet his mom he is immensely affected by her present state which brilliantly unveiled another side of Frank. Â  Sidney believes that usually he is not thinking about the viewer might react; there are basically two perspectives when it comes to life that have a great impact, that is precisely life and death. These aspects are so intense

The accounting Profession Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The accounting Profession - Assignment Example The article provides an analysis of the SWOT analysis for Deloitte. It provides information on the performance of the company in the auditing field of business. The analysis is very helpful for the reader in the sense than one gets to understand both the internal and external environments of the company that influence its performance. The internal environment relate to strength and weaknesses whereas the external environment relates to issues such as opportunities and threats. Litigation support and fraud accounting are both areas in the field of forensic accounting. However, there exists a difference between the two areas. Litigation support involves the forensic accountant giving opinion about existing facts or facts that are yet to be uncovered. On the other hand, fraud accounting involves making investigations to unmask cases of fraud on the company books of accounts. The difference arises from the fact that a forensic accountant only provides an opinion in the case of litigation support whereas he gets involves in making investigation in the case of fraud accounting. This means that a forensic accountant has a passive role in litigation support and an active role in fraud accounting. The most important skill is working experience gained from everyday accomplishment of forensic accounting tasks. This skill is very crucial because the longer a forensic accountant has been in the profession, the greater the ability to handle various challenges related to everyday tasks. Experts comment that despite an accountant gaining knowledge in internal controls, accounting and auditing, taxation, and business operations the most important thing is maturing in the profession. Maturing is achieved by a forensic accountant spending a great deal of time performing tasks related to his or her profession. A forensic accountant should also have adequate training in relevant fields to his or her profession

Capitalism - cause of Global Economic Crisis Essay

Capitalism - cause of Global Economic Crisis - Essay Example Roubini has little doubts about the fact that capitalism is being doomed because the governments have failed to find out solutions to the problems caused by the system of market economy. The governments and policy makers took a number of different steps to bring the economy back on track but all policy measures taken to prevent the downfall of economic system failed one after the other. As the last resort the governments are trying to bring stability to the economy by cutting the expenditures however this will not be able to bring the economy back to track until new taxes are levied or the previous raised. Most of the countries that are following the principle of market economy have failed to restore the living standard of the public despite giving salary raises and subsidizing commodities because the effect of raised taxes is much higher as compared to the monetary assistances provided by the governments. Injecting more money into the failing economy in the form of bank bailouts is not an available option now for most of the countries because of the increasing political and public pressures because such measures are taken at the expense of public welfare expenditures which is totally unacceptable to the already suffering people, moreover another series of bank bailouts is also economically unfeasible. Currency depreciation is an option because a weaker currency and better trade balance can restore the economic growth but rendering the currencies weak is not an option for economically advanced countries therefore currency wars are currently in order. The Eurozone countries managed to help their cause a bit by the establishment of the European Financial Stabilization Facility but in the current circumstances the ESFS will not be able to pay bailouts for countries as big as Italy or Spain because of the limited assets whereas adding to the assets of ESFS is not possible because currently no country in Europe could sponsor such a move and this will receive resista nce from countries like Germany. In effect, the capitalist system of economy has stuck itself in a circle of self-destruction as suggested by Karl Marx where jobs are being cut because of the lack of demand in the market and this cutting of jobs is further adding to the lack of demand resulting in more job cuts and so on and this is the approach which has been adopted by the followers of the Keynesian system. The world currently is facing the problems which were predicted by the critics of capitalism hundreds of years ago such as poverty, unemployment, hopelessness, lack of basic facilities of life and the most important of all which can be considered as the root cause of these problems is the increasing inequality between people (Roubini, 2011). In the end Roubini suggests that there is a need of â€Å"investing in human capital, skills and social safety nets to increase productivity† and this can surely be the only possible solution to the present economic crisis. According to Roubini the present economic system based on market economy has essentially failed to provide effective solution the problems faced by man therefore a modified capitalist model is required to take over. Sen on the other hand gives prime stress to find out what exactly is the problem with the economic system of the present time and put forwards

Unit 2 Seminar public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 2 Seminar public health - Essay Example The field entails bringing various resources, systems and techniques so as to maximize on the use of medical knowledge wealth, drug breakthroughs and technological advances available. Medical informatics services can be of help in various health settings, including hospital care, rehabilitation centers, primary care facilities and general practice (John, 2009). Health informants can be used to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of a given health facility. The commonest areas that require their services are the administrative, clinical and medical information (O’Carrol, 2010). For instance, there is a great emphasis for implementing a uniformed system of storing medical records electronically. Not only does it cut down health care cost, but also improves the general quality of care of clients. Furthermore, it also has an impact on billing, scheduling, sharing medical information and clinical research. Health communication and information provided by health informants have really been applied in the hospitals in a number of ways. Doctors generally take opportunity of the constantly expanding knowledge base which enables them to make decisions based on latest information. By health informants providing information on effectiveness of certain drugs, doctors eliminate some prescription mistakes they commit (O’Carrol,

Ratio Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ratio Analysis - Case Study Example This paper will shed light upon the financial ratios of Apple, how the company will fare in the future will also be comprehensively analyzed. ROI stands for return on investment, Apple’s ROI matches DELL which is great news for the company, return on investment goes to show that the products have been selling very well in the market. The sales growth of Apple has also seen a significant rise in the last quarter, all these are indicators that the company is performing very well. Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple has been coming up with strategies to promote the products, even though he has had severe health issues, he has been very successful in building the brand name of Apple. Apple has also managed to diversify which is again very good for the business, the company is not dependent on only one product but they have a plethora of products which can be relied upon, this has reduced the risk for the company. Apple operates on a much higher gross margin than other companies, Gross ma rgin of 29.02% is the margin that the company operates at, this goes to show that the company has adopted a higher selling price mix. Products like iMac and Ipads have really given Apple an edge and this is why the company can afford to set higher prices for their products. Apple spends 3.8% on research which is very good for the company, perhaps this percentage can be improved so that they can find new and better products. The operating expenses are about 13.38% which goes to show that the company is very stable and investors can invest in this company. The working capital of the company is very healthy; it is again because of the profits. The current ratio of the company stands at 2.96 (Million) which means the company can easily pay off short term debt not once, not twice but thrice. This is a very strong position to be in; Apple has no need to take loans because it can easily pay off debt. Acid-test ratio goes to show how quickly assets can be converted into liquid cash, Apple h as an edge once again and this is hardly surprising. The acid-ratio of the company stands at 2.63 which signify the operating efficiencies of the company give it a huge edge over other companies. Assets turnover ratio stands at 1.42, this means the sales of the company has been picking up, and this ratio is derived by dividing the sales by assets. The ratio is also an indicator of how assets are used to generate profits. Apple has been doing it very successfully thus far. â€Å"This tells us something about Apple’s pricing strategy. The Profit Margin for a product is the net of sales deduct the cost of goods sold. Therefore, Apple has higher pricing charged to its products offering as compared to that of Dell’s, even though Dell’s Inventory Turnover Ratio is much higher in this case. But looking at Dell’s turnover ratio on Net Sales; it is close to that of Cost of Goods Sold, therefore this also explained that Dell has lower pricing charged to its produc ts offerings.† (Inventory Turnover Ratio) Debt ratio of the company stands at 0.35 which means that there are still some debts which should be cleared; this is not a problem especially when the company is performing so well in the market. The company can easily clear this debt off whenever they want to, this is not an issue for them. The debt/equity ratio of the company is extremely healthy, it stands at 0.55, this goes to show that the equity has been well managed to pay off short term

The development of the Chinese money market and its critical issues Essay

The development of the Chinese money market and its critical issues for future development - Essay Example Considering the recent developments in the money market in China, it can be said that varieties of market transaction have improved, the transaction scale has expanded and the market membership has also widened (Neftci and MÃ ©nager-Xu, 2007). However, in relation to other countries of the world, development of the Chinese money market requires further restructuring. There are various components in the money market of China, namely the interbank market that conducts the lending and borrowing; repurchase market; and securities market. The operation of the money market is extremely crucial for financial sector reforms, operation of the commercial banks and smooth functioning of the monetary policy of the central bank. Nevertheless, bureaucratic controls on the interest rates of deposits and loans are still dominant, which renders the impact on other financial markets less powerful due to changes in the interest rates. It is also crucial for appropriate functioning of the fiscal policy (Neftci and MÃ ©nager-Xu, 2007). The purpose of this essay is to discuss the development of various sub-segments of the Chinese money markets in the latest decade as well as to highlight crucial market issues. Some recommendations are also provided that can guide the course of future development of the money market with relevance to the policy implication. Effective functioning of the monetary policy is dependent on creation of a vibrant money market. The money market forms a medium, where the central bank of an economy comes in contact with the entire financial system as well as determines the cost and availability of credit required by the financial institutions for proper functioning. As the Chinese economy is undergoing a number of reforms with the passage of time, number of members in the money markets is also rising. The once concentrated money markets have now expanded to include not only state-owned commercial banks and joint stock commercial banks, but also the local

Liberal States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Liberal States - Essay Example Liberalism is a political doctrine that believes protection of freedom of citizens of any country is the main problem of a government and generally advocates for equality among all citizens. In liberal states, the support of ideas such as freedom of religion, freedom of press, fair and transparent elections and other civil rights is usually very common since the people are normally aware of their rights. Liberal states though they exhibit some variations in some political ideologies they usually exhibit a common belief on the fight for freedom and rights of their citizens. Liberalism carries a sense of international sense of prudence, which enables them to restrain from fighting with one another since they have the same system of international relations and ideologies. This kind of self-restriction among the liberal states has enabled many such states not to engage in wars since it does not seem logical for them to engage in any form of fighting and if agitated to do so they have the ability to restrain from the urge (Sandel 175). However, this sense of prudence only seems to be practical among liberal states only since when non-liberal states attack the liberal ones it has usually resulted in war. The reason advocated by the liberal states for their act of intolerance to their non-liberal counterparts is that it is prudent to attack since they are defending themselves.

The development of a marketing plan Personal Statement

The development of a marketing plan - Personal Statement Example The business entrepreneur desires to launch a new business of interior decoration. The business segment of interior decoration is highly competitive in nature. The entrepreneur would not be able to successfully run its business without the help of an appropriate marketing plan. Tastes and preferences of the individuals change drastically, when it comes to interior decorations. Thus, the mogul would face high expenses in business innovation and manufacture process. Moreover, the discounts offered by the potential rivals (Wal-Mart, Home-Depot) in the market would create price pressures on the entrepreneur. The cost of inputs (catalogue resources like pottery barn) used in interior decorations are also increasing with time. So, if the entrepreneur aspires to run its new business successfully he must set up an appropriate marketing plan for the business (SBA, 2013). The entrepreneur would never be able to fruitfully market its business services if the goals and objectives of the marketing plan are not set at the beginning. The goals and objectives of the marketing plan for the interior designing business are:- The desired objectives of the business plan should be measurable in terms of target. The target of 15% growth in sales and 10% growth in profit should be achievable in reality. The target should be attained in a span of say 5 years from the date of inception of the business. It is considered that the above mentioned objectives for the marketing plan are not only specific but also achievable for the business (Westwood, 2005). The interior designing business should offer excellent services to the business clients. The designing should not only be a mark of class, but should also be superior in terms of quality. The company should maintain admirably designed retail outlets and should offer other complementary services that would impress the clients. The

Is Psychology a Science Essay Example for Free

Is Psychology a Science Essay Psychology is commonly defined as scientific study of human behaviour and cognitive processes. Broadly speaking the discussion focuses on the different branches of psychology, and if they are indeed scientific. However, it is integral in this to debate to understand exactly the major features of a science, in order to judge if psychology is in fact one. There must be a definable subject matter this changed from conscious human thought to human and non-human behaviour, then to cognitive processes within psychologys first eighty years as a separate discipline. Also, a theory construction is important. This represents an attempt to explain observed phenomena, such as Watsons attempt to account for human and non-human behaviour in terms of classical conditioning, and Skinners subsequent attempt to do the same with operant conditioning. Any science must have hypotheses, and indeed test them. This involves making specific predictions about behaviour under certain specified conditions, for example, predicting that by combining the sight of a rat with the sound of an iron bar banging behind his head, a small child will learn to fear the rat, as is the case of Little Albert (1923). Also, empirical methods are used in scientific fields to collect data, relevant to the hypothesis being tested, as is the case in many psychological experiments, such as the use of brain scanning in Dement and Kleitmans 1957 study. Science is meant to be objective and unbiased. It should be free of values and discover the truths about what it is studying. Positivism is the view that science is objective and a study of what is real. For example, schizophrenia, when diagnosed as being caused due to excess dopamine, is being studied in a scientific manner. The explanation does not take into account any cultural customs or individual differences that might lead to schizophrenic behaviour. However, even in scientific research like this the person is doing the diagnosing has his or her own views, and may misinterpret behaviour because of his or her own subjective biases. For example, if someone talks about hearing voices, they may be referring to a spiritual experience, but a medical practitioner might well diagnose schizophrenia. So objective, value-free study is not easy, because the scientist has views and biases, and cultural or other issues are perhaps important factors. Some say that a truly objective study is not possible. In conclusion, its a science.

Systematic Research

Systematic Research Introduction This report is to critical review a journal article, titled as ‘The role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs by Karise Hutchinson and Barry Quinn, School of Business, Retail and Financial Services, (university of Ulster, Colearine. UK) and Nicholas Alexander, Centre for research in Marketting, School of management and Business, (University of Whales, Aberystwyth, UK). The research was published in International Journal of Small Business and Enterprises Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2006. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), the research is defined as â€Å"something people undertake in order to find out things in the systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge†, Ghauri Gronhaug (2002) in addition to it ‘Systematic Research it is based on logics and not relied on just beliefs (quoted in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). For any type of research appropriate initial planning should be done for reaching expectation of the research objective. (Hague Jackson, 1996). So according to this research journal will be analyse in the report in orders to review that authors have conducted the research systematically by focusing on below key components: 1) Project Rationale 2) Literature Review 3) Research Paradigm Design 4) Research Methods 5) Research Results Presentation Project Rationale Research Rationale According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), while choosing any research topic or idea should be connected with ‘rational thinking and ‘creative thinking. In the given article the authors Hutchinson et. al (2006) have focus on internationalisation of SMEs in U.K retail sector. In this article author main focus on the evidence gathered from 9 establish international retail SMEs originating from the UK retail sector by Hutchinson et al. (2005). In this research the author have mentioned reviews of different author from different literature in relating to the internationalisation of SMEs. In supporting their literature review, author has taken the evidence of 9 established international retail SMEs companies case study within UK retail sector. In this article manager is presented as their main role because of the direct responsibility in decision making for SMEs, Also he is directly responsible for every decision. This article is highlighted the enlarging form of theor etical framework of Hutchinson et al. (2005). In the given article retailing is important for every country in between their production and consumption. If we go up in the past report from the last several years UK retail sector is keep growing and every year there is an increment of 15% from the next five years till 2011. (www.prospects.ac.uk). In the article the author states that international expansion is very important for every firm who deals in limited geographic area with their small financial base. Further study has also been recommended by many authors in internationalisation of SMEs like Iben (2003), Moini (1995). Moreover, this study is also highlighted the characteristics of founder and export relating decision in small firms Hutchinson et. al (2006). In this study multiple case approaches in argument to s single case used in their result, also the use of in-depth study can be seen in this article . For gathering the data author have used qualitative techniques in his research where the author has used face- to -face semi -structured interviews with open- ended questions from the relevant person, company reports, and archival information. For secondary data author have used important evidence, which were analysed on the basis of the study. Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Aims and Objectives Saunders, Lewis Thornhill (2003) for every research researcher aim and objective should be clear at the same time it should provide purpose and direction of the research without setting aim and objective will divert the researcher from their study. The authors however showed the research aims and objectives in the research journal that can be summarised by the following: Aim: The aim of this study is to specifically explore the role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). In order to reach his aim author have set the following objective: To investigate the importance and impact of objective and subjective factor in decision making in the internationalisation of SMEs. To explore the business skill, positive attitude to risk and the vision of the entrepreneur, ability to network can be useful valid indicators for the internationalisation of SMEs or not. To explain how the importance of decision maker in internationalisation of SMEs. . LITERATURE REVIEW : In this article author have conducted the literature review mostly from â€Å"secondary literature sources† i.e books, journals, article also ‘primary literature source from face-to-face interviews with relevant person, open-ended semi-structured approach, analysing their company report. Author has used all the relevant data, which is derived from the evidence of case study in UK retail sector. Author has done beautifully research, which is directly link up with their key words. This article clearly present the different reviews of many writers for internationalisation of SMEs. Also author has taken the help of previous research by Hutchinson et al(2005) and present their result in finding the role of objective and subjective factors in the internationalisation of SMEs. This article has presented some example [(such as The Body Shop (Anita Roddick), Virgin (Richard Branson), Laure Ashley (Laura and Bernard Ashley)] of people who have positive risk taking attitude which is important factor in globalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). Critical Literature Review Literature Review is important because it helps the researcher itself to make his research more clear and understandable in better way. For this purpose the researcher first needs to justify to himself that the study is worth conducting. Review of existing body of literature does precisely that. In addition to it, the researchers should have a clear cut idea what he wants to do achieve in his research (Remenyi, Williams, Money Swartz, 1998). By the term ‘critically analyse the literature review, Dee (2000) suggests that researcher should refer to work by 1) accepted experts or literature in that field, 2) select both supportive and unsupportive literature in a logical manner to the research area, 3) judge the importance of the literature by differentiating clearly between fact and opinion (quoted in Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2003). Strong Points By Critical Literature Review: By using different literature from different variety of sources, which make this research more understandable and clear towards the aim of the study. By indication of the key word in introduction parts is fruitful and helpful in exploring the same topic also at the same time study make it clear that the author has doing his research with in their related topic. By using the strong points of case study that the importance of manager in decision making in the internationalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). Weak points: In the given article literature used by the author is not up-to date most of the time article referred for the research are old. In the given article author for his research has used previous research of the different authors, old journals, articles are very limited source in supporting their research. He could have come up with more authors views for attaining their objective or make this study more effective. The author have selected for his research 17 different international retail SMEs out of which he has taken only the evidence of 9 international SMEs in his research Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Paradigm Design Research Paradigm According to Remenyi, Williams, Money Swartz (1998) Research Paradigm it is of 4 types categories. First is Epistemology which focuses on the relationship between enquirer and known, second is Ontology which focuses on humanity and social reality. Third is Human Nature which focuses on human nature and environmental and last is Methodology which focuses on approaches to evidence collection. According to the article author have used Epistemology as research paradigm for his research. The reason behind is author has put focus on how does the decision of manager important in globalisation of SMEs. Moreover, to this by conduction face-to-face interviews, open-ended questions with relevant person is fully link in between the enquirer and known from this points research is interpretive (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 1989). Research Design A research design is a framework for conducting a research project as it contains the step-by-step procedure for obtaining important information to structure research problem. (Malhotra and brisks, 2007). Research design it contained many components like case study, experiments, survey, cross sectional studies, longitudinal studies, explanatory studies, descriptive studies, action research, ethnography, and grounded theory (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). In the referred article author collected the data mainly from secondary source of strong points of evidence of case study, also from books, journals and expertise in order to find out the importance of 5 factors in the success and development of internationalisation of SMEs. Moreover, to reaching his aims he applied ‘Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Studies in research design. According to SaundersLewis and Thornhill (2003) ‘Exploratory Studies is useful for clarifying and exploring the perception in that research from the way of different literature, by taking advices and help form experts. For attaining the aim of this research author identifies the role of manager in decision-making in development also refer different books of many authors. ‘Explanatory Studies means a situation to indentify the relationship between their variables. In this regard author has mentioned a meaning full title to their work, which shows that research in done in international S MEs in retail sector Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Approach Deductive and Inductive are two types of approaches. According to Carson et al. (2005) deductive approach is based on the theoretical structure development for testing with statistical methods. This approach allows to the researcher to test the theory by observation or survey. While inductive approach focus on the shift of theory to data observation which sufficient sample size and validity of data. (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003). In this study author has used deductive approach because researchers has beautifully research with in their keyword also on the basis of evidence case study, by using exploratory study to connect with literature review in searching the data whether the business skills, positive risk attitude, ability to network, vision of the entrepreneur are factors in globalisations of SMEs. In addition to it author has clearly present different views of many authors thats makes this research more sensible Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Methodology Research Strategy According to Creswell (2003) research strategy is of three types; Qualitative Approach, Quantitative Approach and Mixed Methods Approach, as all these approaches are different from each other for collecting data, for getting results and data analysis. In this article the researcher for reaching their objectives employed Mixed Methods Approach as research strategy as the researcher collected both quantitative and qualitative data. For Qualitative approach author have used several authors opinions, previous research report, face-to face interviews, open-ended semi-structured questionnaire in drawing their conclusion. For Quantitative approach researcher has taken 9 establish international SMEs case study Hutchinson et. al (2006). Data Collection Methods: According to the McDaniel and Gate (2001) there are two ways of collecting the data; 1) Primary Data: In this data is collected for the first time for the research such as observations, experimentation and survey research. 2) Secondary Data: It is the previously researched data collected from different types of sources such as, journals, internet database, company report or website or any researcher report etc. In this author has mainly use secondary data for gathering information from books, journals, previously and report on the same topic. Author also used evidence of establish international SMEs case study. Strength Weakness of Research Methodology: In the article the researcher for doing the research used Deductive approach as the research approach, for research design used Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Studies, Qualitative research as research strategy and for collection of the data used secondary data for conducting the research. There are some strength and weakness in the research, which are as follows: Strong points: By using in-depth case study, multiple case approach make more understandable in achieving their aim and objectives of this research. Moreover, this study is in the context of small and medium size firm SMEs, which focus on aim of the study. Beautifully present the domestic and international activities of all 9 companies by dividing into 4 different retail sectors also put emphasis on formal contact because to avoid small size firm with in strange market. In the given article author have clearly mentioned the expand work of Hutichinson et al. (2005). In addition to it author has beautifully identify the gap in the study. Given study clears that both formal and informal contact is necessary for internationalisation of SMEs by using this contact he could have done it better or very easy in setting up firm branch overseas Hutchinson et. al (2006). Weak points: By using less quantitative and objective technique can be seen in this article. So we can say that there is lack of real information. In secondary research he could have done something more to add the data in his research to make his research relevant in terms of if someone read this article then he can easily understand the result derive from secondary data is relevant by using proper data. From the sample of 17 companies choosing only 9 established international retail SMEs whose sale turnover is less then 25 millions that make this research more difficult in drawing their result or not realistic. By using uneven samples categories in conducting their research such as small, medium and large, if he want to do research in my viewpoint he could have to choose one categories with one sector thats makes easy or clearer in understanding. None of the sample is similar to anyone, so on this basis it clears that the result arrive from research is not so relevant. If the make the sample of 17 internationalised companies then study prove to be more relevant. Also in primary research author he could have come up with more face-to face interviews, with more questioners so that the conclusion can draw easily Hutchinson et. al (2006). RESULT AND PRESENTATION Relative Value and Context result In this article authors research result has appropriate link to the key words of the topic that has been mentioned in the literature review by researcher. In the result author has successfully proposed their study in different section from their domestic turnover wise which provides total description for both domestic and international activities of all 9 companies and it is fully interpretive in nature. In addition to it author has clearly relate to objective managerial characteristics to decision maker ability, global experience and business skills, also choices of choosing foreign market defers from case to case in the expansion of internationalisation of SMEs. This study proves that the pivotal role of manager in the internationalisation of SMEs in UK retail sector. In this study author has also clear the importance role of both formal and informal contact are important factors in the early expansion and development of business overseas. Also author has taken uneven sample of com panies that some company has only two branches in overseas and some having more then 30 branch worldwide. All the 9 companies taken by author are in the favour of positive decision in the overall business performance. This research successfully proves the close relationship between characteristics of decision maker and inclination to initiate and develop international activity Moreover, after reaching the result author has also given implication for manger for both public and private support organisation. By giving importance to customer service which proves the importance of business skill in retailing and branding this asserts the importance of management knowledge of the international retail business environment Hutchinson et. al (2006). Presentation Structures In the referred article author presented very beautifully structure to his article so that it is easy to clear the main aim and objective of this research and after that he presented step-by-step link up with research topic and his key words that already clearly mentioned by researcher in the abstract part. In presenting all reviews of different authors turn his study in more realistic way then moved to explaining the objective and subjective factors in decision making in internationalisation of SMEs then gave their conclusion. For making his research more effective and authentic author has taken the help of good examples and with good arguments. In the given article researcher has used the strong points of evidence of case study that makes study more effective and easy to understand Hutchinson et. al (2006). CONCLUSION After completed critically analysis in this research, in my viewpoint this research gave us a lot of knowledge about the importance of decision maters in internationalisation of SMEs. Moreover, author has also given the implication for manager in both public and private support companies. He has also mentioned at what certain both formal and informal contact matters when company initially opening their firm in overseas. Moreover, to this results are very general. By making his research more effective he could have compare more then one sector but still this study is interesting and need a lot to do in further research. Author has beautifully identified the gap of the study. By adding regression analysis, graphs or charts or some other useful tool attached to he appendix in finding the result to get the idea easily and clearly Hutchinson et. al (2006). Bibliography Carson, D et.al (2005) Qualitative Marketing Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Creswell, J., W. (2003), ‘Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd ed., California: SAGE Publications Ltd. Malhotra, N. and Birks, D. (2007), ‘Marketing Research: An applied approach. 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, Financial times. McDaniel, C. Gate, R. (2001), ‘Marketing Research Essentials, 3rd ed., Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Remenyi, D., Williams, B., Money, A. Swartz, E. (1998), ‘Doing Research in Business and Management: An Introduction to Process and Method, London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2003), ‘Research Methods for Business Students, 3rd ed., Essex: Pearson Education Limited. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_job_sectors/Retail/overview/p!egiLLL http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6TUuXQifwxoCpg=PA280lpg=PA280dq=any+books+on+internationalisation+of+sMEssource=blots=brYSpAWGAJsig=kh5oVONN4DAFAKze7rSioizjbnchl=enei=zj5wSuTZOMKZjAeLx7GSBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9 Quinn, B., Hutchinson, K. and Alexander, N. (1998), ‘The role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs :Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 13 No. 4

Theories of Cultural Criminology

Theories of Cultural Criminology Contemporary Issues in Criminology:  Cultural Criminology Critically discuss its theoretical underpinnings and evaluate whether this theoretical approach serves as a useful explanation of criminal behavior in modern Britain. Cultural criminology is the approach to the investigation of crime that its criminality and its control are based in the context of culture. This means, that institutions of crime control, and crime by it self are seen as products of culture. Cultural criminology’s study is approached with theories, methods, and political analysis. There are two key elements that interact, and cultural criminology wants to pay its attention on this interaction which is between: the ascending and descending of the connection of constructions. It always focuses upon the adjoining generation of meaning around this interaction such as: making and breaking of the rules of law, innovation and infringement in politics. (www.culturalcriminology.org) Particularly, cultural criminology is an observation performed by Ferrell Sanders (1995), and implemented by Redhead (1995) and others and linked specific academic threads to discover the meeting of cultural and criminal procedures in current social life. (Kane 1998) In modern society the crime practice and crime control, with cultural dynamics, are connected and cultural criminology discovers the various ways in which they connect. In other words, what cultural criminology supports, is the idea that the centrality of meaning and representation in the structure of crime as a temporary fact. From this point of view, the traditional ideas of crime and crime awareness to add pictures of illegal behavior and symbolic appearances of law reinforcement, famous culture structures of crime and criminal behavior. Scholars are allowed from this big interest and concentration on culture, and people have better understanding of crime, as remarkable activity, and also comprehends the politics that contest for criminal control. (www.culturalcriminology.org) Cultural criminology unites at a very high level, the clear-sight of sociological criminology with the orientations toward picture and design, which is given by the cultural studies area. Cultural criminology has appeared from a much more mixed co-process of criminology, sociology and of course cultural analysis and this is because of the wide contribution of criminology and culture combined. This appearance was the basic track for the well educated people who worked in association with the Birmingham School of Cultural studies, the National Deviancy Conference, and in Great Britain with the ‘new criminology’ in the 1970s. (www.culturalcriminology.org) After reviewing the kind of modern power, the academics studied the extensions of social level that had to do with culture and ideology. Forbidden subcultures but also easy-going countries (that have another meaning of life), have been observed by those academics. After the observation, they examined what came in between these two different ideologies who guide lawful control and social inspection. (www.culturalcriminology.org) Any regulation that is living and affluent is a topic to ordinary processes of regeneration and refreshment. Criminology is the alike. It has had its humanist Marxist, feminist, and rationalist, between other reappearances and is presently being delighted to one more ‘paradigm shift’ in the shape of a self-styled ‘cultural criminology’. A current unique issue is Theoretical Criminology (2004), which was dedicated to the appearance and predictions of this new kid on the rational block. According to Hayward and Young’s (2004:259) opening essay of the particular topic, cultural criminology is: ‘the placing of crime and its control in the background of culture; that is, observing both crime and the organization of control as cultural products –as inspired creations. (O’Brien 2005, p. 599) The main area that new criminology examines most, is how actors derive meaning, and also looks on how to use the analysis of the examination they are focusing on, to find what leads to breaching the law as every day routine. (ibid.: 260, 266). Understanding its mental heritage in 1960s radicalism and by noticing and observing the strange and not well known subcultures upon that radicalism as more of criminological work, the argument pays attention to its humane certifications and oppositional political motions. â€Å"Indeed, cultural criminology describes it self as, and delights in, working ‘at the margins of ‘mainstream’ criminology, for two reasons, first, because ‘it is here, in these forgotten spaces that the story of crime so often unfolds, and secondly because mainstream criminology is dominated by ‘administrative rationalization and statistical complexity†. (O’Brien 2005, Ferrell 1999 p. 599) Whether a new mental try does not actually stands for what cultural criminology really is, instead of a logical process of past work on different subcultures is still in question, and it is worth it if is a category it self and given a suitable historical reflection. (O’Brien 2005, p. 599) Usually, criminal behavior means sub cultural behavior. Individuals and activities which are known as criminals are formally produced by the limits of different and criminal subcultures. Criminologists have accredited this from the interactionist criminology of the Chicago School and Edwin Sutherland to the sub cultural theories of Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin. (Ferrell, 1995 p.26) Either if it is carried out by a group of people, or just by one person, specific criminal acts are usually set up within incited by sub cultural. Even though the boundaries may still have an inaccurate definition, and the membership may increase in numbers as well as the level of commitment, these subcultures include final human relationships for those who take part in them. â€Å"Biker, hustler, Blood and Crip, all name sub cultural networks as much as individual personalities.†(Ferrell, 1995 p.26) As Sutherland and the Chicago School knew from fifty years ago , and while immeasurable case studies have been certified, criminal subcultures merge not only proximities of personal relationship. To be able to discuss about criminal subculture, the ability to accredit a group of people and a truss of symbols, meaning and education is required. Members of criminal subcultures always adapt and discuss ‘motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes’, they perform a different kind of language, look/style, personality and they take part at a larger or smaller level, in a subculture, a way of life which they chose.(Ferrell, 1995 p.26) The sub cultural meaning mostly action, personality, and status is organized around the style which the subculture’s member decide to have. Delicacies of chosen style, defines what crime means, and difference for sub cultural members, agents of legal control, consumers of intercede crime pictures and other people. We must be clever enough to understand the criminal acts and chosen aesthetics they have for their selves. (Ferrell, 1995 p.26-27) â€Å"Katzs research, for example, has linked criminal acts and aesthetics by examining the styles and symbolic meanings which emerge inside the everyday dynamics of criminal events and criminal subcultures. By paying attention to dark sunglasses and white undershirts, to precise styles of walking, talking, and otherwise presenting ones criminal identity, Katz has sketched the alternative deviant culture, the coherent deviant ‘a’esthetic in which badasses, cholos, punks, youth gang members, and others participate. In these cases, as in other forms of crime on and off the street, the meaning of criminality is anchored in the style of its collective practice. The bikers ritually reconstructed motorcycle, the gang members sports clothing and tattoos, the graffiti writers mysterious street images, and the skinheads violently provocative music constitute the essential cultural and sub cultural materials out of which criminal projects and criminal identities are constructed and displayed. Once again, participation in a criminal subculture, or in the culture of crime, means participation in the symbolism and style, the collective aesthetic environment, of criminality.† (Ferrell, 1995 p.27) A recent study by the British cultural studies tradition to Katz and other new criminologists has concluded that style and symbolism not only bind with the wide social and lawful relations in which these subcultures are caught. Criminal subcultures and their styles accelerate out of school, age, ethnicity, gender and legal inequalities repeat and resist these social wrong lines. This interaction of sub cultural style, inequality and power in turn, reminds of Becker’s classic criminological thoughtless that we have to investigate, criminal subcultures and also legal and political powers who built these subcultures as criminal. After we do the study, we see that these powers (authorities) both opposing to sub cultural styles, and themselves, putting symbolic and stylish strategies of their own against them. The criminalization attempts of legal and political supporters show again the control of cultural forces. In criminalizing cultural and sub cultural actions, and demonstrating for public support, ethical capitalists and legal authorities influence legal and political structures, but possibly more, so structures of mass symbolism and perception. (Ferrell, 1995 p.27, 28) To seize the real meaning of criminalization and crime, cultural criminology should count the powers of criminal subcultures as well as for the powers of mass media. Nowadays, intervene pictures of crime and criminal abuse, is harming as slowly-slowly and by doing that, helps the public to draw opinions and policies that have to do with crime. But obviously these modern cases construct on latest interceded constructions of crime and its control. In the United States, criminalization of marijuana fifty years ago was based on a try to wake people up to see the danger and face it, as unambiguously defective symbol in Los Angeles newspapers. (Ferrell, 1995 p.28) â€Å"In the mid-1960s, shocking media reports of rape and assault placed the circumstance for a permissible campaign in opposition to the Hells Angels; and at approximately the matching time, lawful harassments on British mods and rockers were lawful throughout the medias consumption of sensitive symbols.† In the 1970s, the mutual relations amid the British mass media and criminal justice system formed a discernment that mugging was a terrifying new injures of crime. And throughout the 1980s and untimely 1990s, mediated horror legends justified wars on drugs, gangs, and graffiti in the United States, and shaped instants of mediated moral panic over child cruelty and child pornography in Great Britain.† (Ferrell, 1995 p.28) This concentration on cultural dynamics, the composition of deviant intellectual opinions, the motion behind obedient frontiers, show the probabilities for a reviewable cultural criminology and a kind of postmodern cultural criminology too. Contemporary public, feminist and cultural theories are increasingly moving behind obedient limitations and divide categories to build synthetic, postmodern expectations on cultural and social life. Although grated by their eclectic and divergent parts, these opinions use some same general ideas, between them, the perception that the everyday culture of people and the everyday culture of people and teams merges strong and clashing separations of style and meaning. (Ferrell, 1995 p.36) â€Å"The symbolism and style of social interaction, the culture of everyday life in this way forms a contested political terrain, embodying patterns of inequality, power, and privilege. And these patterns are in turn intertwined with larger structures of mediated information and entertainment, cultural production and consumption, and legal and political authority. As the sort of cultural criminology outlined here develops, it can integrate criminology into these synthetic lines of situated inquiry now emerging under broad headings like postmodernism and cultural studies.† (Ferrell, 1995 p.28) Although grated but their electric and divergent parts, these opinions use some sane general ideas, between them, the perception that the everyday culture of people and teams merges strong and clashing separations of style and meaning. Consequently cultural criminology gives the chance to criminologists, to reinforce their own thoughts and beliefs on crime with perceptive from different areas, but providing at the same time for their colleagues in the studies of culture, sociology of culture, studies on media, and wherever they can adopt their thoughts from, criminalization, and their connection to political and cultural procedures. Folding or breaching the motions of criminology in order to build a cultural criminology, undercuts modern criminology, not more that it extends and vitalizes it. Cultural criminology extends criminology’s sectors contain words conventionally considered external to it like: popular music, style, media operations and texts, and gallery act. Likely, criminology is introduced in contemporary discourses with these worlds and gives a termination of criminological perspectives are very important to them. Crime and culture’s relation, and the wider relation among criminology and modern social, cultural life, are both of them enlighten within cultural criminology. (Ferrell, 1995 p.36-37) References: Ferrell, J. (1995) Culture, Crime, and Cultural Criminology [on-line]. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture. Available from: http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol3is2/culture.html [Accessed 1 March 2008] O’ Briem, M. (2005) what is cultural about cultural criminology? British Journal Criminology, [On-line] Available from: URL: E:UniModulesWhat is Cultural about Cultural Criminology O’Brien 45 (5) 599 British Journal of Criminology.htm [1 [Accessed 2 March 2008]. Ferrell, J. Cultural criminology. Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology [on-line]. Available from: -http://www.culturalcriminology.org/papers/cult-crim-blackwell-ency-soc.pdf